沱江浮游植物群落特征及水质评价   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

陶敏  谢碧文  齐泽民  杨品红  李斌 《海洋与湖沼》2016,47(4):854-861

为合理评价沱江水质现状,于2013年丰水期(8月)和枯水期(11月)对沱江浮游植物及主要水质指标进行采样调查。结果显示:(1)丰水期综合营养状态指数TLI(∑)较高,尤其是上游江段,变化范围为47.4—64.6,平均56.3;枯水期TLI(∑)变化范围为43.4—48.1,平均44.6。(2)检出浮游植物88种(属),主要为绿藻、硅藻和蓝藻。丰、枯水期浮游植物群落主要组分分别为绿藻+硅藻+蓝藻和硅藻+绿藻+隐藻。优势度分析显示,丰水期优势种主要为梅尼小环藻(Cyclotella meneghiniana)、微小平裂藻(Merismopedia tenuissima)、拉氏拟柱孢藻(Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii)等,枯水期主要为脆杆藻(Fragilaria sp.)、尖尾蓝隐藻(Chroomonas acuta)、线形舟形藻(Navicula graciloides)等。(3)丰水期浮游植物的多样性指数H?、丰富度指数d、均匀度指数J均值分别为3.66、6.21和0.69,枯水期分别为3.67、4.12和0.88。(4)聚类分析与单因素方差分析结果表明沿江水坝建设与空间分布格局对NH4+与浮游植物群落结构已有影响,表现出水坝上游湖泊型藻类数量增加、上游江段浮游植物密度高于下游江段的趋势。(5)分类回归树模型显示,营养水平与物种丰富度较高但均匀度偏低的水体中,浮游植物密度易出现高值。综合以上情况,沱江水质已处于中到富营养状态,尤其是丰水期与较上游的江段,富营养化程度更高。为预防水华的发生,出现丰富浮游植物种类的地段更应加强监控,尤其是丰水期上游的大坝坝上江段。  相似文献   

红海湾远海梭子蟹Portunus pelagicus的食物组成及营养位置分析     

宁加佳  杜飞雁  李亚芳  谷阳光  王亮根 《海洋学报》2016,38(10):62-69

利用稳定同位素技术;分析了2015年5月在红海湾海域采集的远海梭子蟹Portunus pelagicus及其潜在食物的碳（δ13C）和氮（δ15N）稳定同位素比值;通过稳定同位素混合模型（SIAR）;估算不同食物对远海梭子蟹食性的相对贡献。结果表明:远海梭子蟹的δ13C值在-18.1‰~-14.1‰之间;δ15N值的范围为9.8‰~13.8‰;平均值分别为-16.9‰±1.3‰和12.1‰±2.3‰。δ13C和δ15N值的变化范围均较大;表明远海梭子蟹食物来源广泛、多样。远海梭子蟹的食物主要由双壳贝类、螺类、鱼类、头足类、虾类、蟹类和藻类组成。SIAR模型计算结果显示:藻类为远海梭子蟹的主要食物;其平均贡献为32.5%;双壳贝类的相对食性贡献为21.9%;虾类、螺类、鱼类和蟹类的平均贡献差异较小;分别为9.7%、9.7%、9.6%和9.3%;头足类的贡献最低;仅为7.3%。此外;根据δ15N值及营养位置的计算公式得出:远海梭子蟹在红海湾海域位于2.91±0.68营养级。远海梭子蟹的7类潜在食物中;藻类的营养位置最低;为1.21±0.58;其次为双壳贝类;为2.00±0.25;蟹类、螺类、虾类和鱼类的营养位置分别为2.85±0.33、2.87±0.26、3.01±0.16和3.08±0.18;头足类的最高;为3.41±0.17。  相似文献   

Oceanographic controls on shallow‐water temperate carbonate sedimentation: Spencer Gulf,South Australia          下载免费PDF全文

Laura G. O'Connell  Noel P. James  Mark Doubell  John F. Middleton  John Luick  David R. Currie  Yvonne Bone 《Sedimentology》2016,63(1):105-135

Spencer Gulf is a large (ca 22 000 km²), shallow (<60 m water depth) embayment with active heterozoan carbonate sedimentation. Gulf waters are metahaline (salinities 39 to 47‰) and warm‐temperate (ca 12 to ?28°C) with inverse estuarine circulation. The integrated approach of facies analysis paired with high‐resolution, monthly oceanographic data sets is used to pinpoint controls on sedimentation patterns with more confidence than heretofore possible for temperate systems. Biofragments – mainly bivalves, benthic foraminifera, bryozoans, coralline algae and echinoids – accumulate in five benthic environments: luxuriant seagrass meadows, patchy seagrass sand flats, rhodolith pavements, open gravel/sand plains and muddy seafloors. The biotic diversity of Spencer Gulf is remarkably high, considering the elevated seawater salinities. Echinoids and coralline algae (traditionally considered stenohaline organisms) are ubiquitous. Euphotic zone depth is interpreted as the primary control on environmental distribution, whereas seawater salinity, temperature, hydrodynamics and nutrient availability are viewed as secondary controls. Luxuriant seagrass meadows with carbonate muddy sands dominate brightly lit seafloors where waters have relatively low nutrient concentrations (ca 0 to 1 mg Chl‐a m^?3). Low‐diversity bivalve‐dominated deposits occur in meadows with highest seawater salinities and temperatures (43 to 47‰, up to 28°C). Patchy seagrass sand flats cover less‐illuminated seafloors. Open gravel/sand plains contain coarse bivalve–bryozoan sediments, interpreted as subphotic deposits, in waters with near normal marine salinities and moderate trophic resources (0·5 to 1·6 mg Chl‐a m^?3) to support diverse suspension feeders. Rhodolith pavements (coralline algal gravels) form where seagrass growth is arrested, either because of decreased water clarity due to elevated nutrients and associated phytoplankton growth (0·6 to 2 mg Chl‐a m^?3), or bottom waters that are too energetic for seagrasses (currents up to 2 m sec^?1). Muddy seafloors occur in low‐energy areas below the euphotic zone. The relationships between oceanographic influences and depositional patterns outlined in Spencer Gulf are valuable for environmental interpretations of other recent and ancient (particularly Neogene) high‐salinity and temperate carbonate systems worldwide.  相似文献   

Food sources of benthic animals on intertidal and subtidal bottoms in inner Ariake Sound,southern Japan,determined by stable isotopes     

Hisashi Yokoyama  Tomoko SakamiYuka Ishihi 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2009

To evaluate the relative importance of possible food sources, including riverine particulate organic matter, reeds, benthic microalgae, seaweeds, cultured laver (Porphyra) and coastal phytoplankton, for commercial bivalves and co-occurring benthic animals, 73 macrofaunal species were collected from intertidal and subtidal soft bottoms in the inner part of Ariake Sound, Kyushu, southern Japan, and their isotopic compositions were analyzed. The results revealed that (1) both intertidal and subtidal food webs were constituted of 3 trophic levels, (2) suspension-feeding bivalves utilize a mixture of benthic microalgae and coastal phytoplankton, and omnivores and carnivores incorporate benthic microalgae and phytoplankton through their intermediate prey, and (3) 3 bivalves (Scapharca kagoshimensis, Modiolus metcalfei and Atrina lischkeana) inhabiting both intertidal and subtidal bottoms showed similar seasonal fluctuations, suggesting no difference in the diet composition among the species and between the 2 habitats. We conclude that a large biomass of benthic microalgae which was approximately equal to that of phytoplankton and the strong tidal currents that would resuspend benthic microalgae and transport them to subtidal bottom areas account for the benthic microalgal and phytoplankton based trophic structure in the inner part of Ariake Sound.  相似文献   

The influence of reef type and seasonality on population structure of coral‐reef fishes within Malindi Marine Park,Kenya     

Gamoe A. Locham  Boaz Kaunda‐Arara  Chrisestom M. Mlewa 《Marine Ecology》2010,31(3):494-505

Effective conservation requires knowledge of the effects of habitat on distribution and abundance of organisms. Although the structure of coral reef fish assemblages is strongly correlated with attributes of reef structure, data relating reef types to fish assemblages are scarce. In this study we describe the influence of gross habitat characteristics and seasonality on coral reef fish assemblages of fringing and patch reefs in Kenya. Results showed that total fish abundance was not significantly different between the reefs; however, the fringing reef had higher species diversity during both the northeast (42 spp.) and southeast (36 spp.) monsoon seasons when compared to the patch reef. The more fished species (e.g. Siganus sutor and Lethrinus mahsena) were more abundant on the patch reef in both seasons. Statistical analysis indicated common species between the reefs were more abundant on the fringing reef. Seasons affected abundance of the more vagile species (S. sutor), whereas the reef‐attached sky emperor, L. mahsena was affected more by reef type than by seasons. No significant interaction effects of habitat and seasons were found, indicating independence of habitat and environmental variability in affecting fish assemblages on the reefs. Smaller sized fish dominated the fringing reef more than the patch reef, whereas the skewness index (Sk) indicated a normal‐sized frequency distribution on the patch reef. Trophic structure of the fishes varied more within than between reefs, whereas fish assemblage structure was affected more by seasons on the fringing reef. These results suggest that conservation measures such as marine protected area (MPA) design and setting should consider effects of reef morphology and environmental variability on coral‐reef fish assemblage structure.  相似文献   

Temporal variability of three different macrofauna communities in the northern North Sea     

Ulrike Schückel  Siegfried Ehrich  Ingrid Kröncke 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2010

In 1999, 2003 and 2007 macrofauna communities were sampled in three different areas (“Boxes”) of 10 × 10 nautical miles in the northern North Sea in order to study the temporal changes in community structure in relation to changes in temperature or changes in hydrography.  相似文献   

Responses of two trophic levels to patch enrichment along a New Zealand stream continuum     

Barry J. F. Biggs  Rex L. Lowe 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2013,47(2):119-134

We carried out a benthic survey and two experiments in runs at eight sites down the Kakanui River (South Island, New Zealand) during summer low flows, to investigate the interaction between nutrients, periphyton, and macro‐grazers. Benthic periphytic biomass was generally low (< 20 mg m^‐2 chlorophyll a) at most sites, but high densities of macro‐grazers (mainly snails) were observed at six of the eight sites. Chlorophyll a and cellular P concentrations were generally higher on artificial substrates in the first‐ to third‐order tributaries, compared with downstream. Macro‐grazer densities (mainly snails) were also highest in the second‐ and third‐order tributaries. Enrichment of patches with N and P did not translate into significant increases in chlorophyll a concentrations. Instead there was a general increase in macro‐grazers, and an increase in the relative abundance of Cocconeis placentula. In a second experiment, the chlorophyll a level was five‐fold higher on the substrates where macro‐grazers were excluded and there was no significant response of chlorophyll a to nutrient addition on these substrates. On the grazed substrates, densities of snails and caddis‐larvae were two‐fold higher with N+P enrichment. These experiments provided evidence for a tight coupling between first and second trophic levels, and strong grazer control of periphyton, in this river.  相似文献   

Oligochaete distribution patterns in two German hardwater lakes of different trophic state   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Rut Collado  Rüdiger M. Schmelz   《Limnologica》2001,31(4):317-328

We investigated the effect of contrasting trophic conditions on the distribution and dominance patterns of Oligochaeta species assemblages in lake sediments and their relation to the environmental variables depth, season, and substrate. The study was performed on the highly eutrophic Lake Haussee and the oligotrophic Lake Stechlin, both hardwater lakes in the Baltic Lake District of Northern Germany. Quantitative monthly and seasonal sampling took place over one year at 14 representative sites, covering littoral and profundal sediments of both lakes. Between-lake differences in the profundal were clearcut with an absence of any zoobenthos in Lake Haussee and a peculiar meiobenthic species assemblage in Lake Stechlin (Collado et al. 1999). Between-lake differences in the littoral, however, were small and mainly attributable to a small number of species exclusive to Lake Stechlin and an overall higher abundance of oligochaetes, especially naidids, in Lake Haussee. Species-richest family in both lakes were Naididae; Tubificidae were dominant in Lake Stechlin; in Lake Haussee Tubificidae and Naididae were equally abundant. Most striking were diversity of habitat types and species distribution patterns in the littoral. Multivariate analysis (CA, CCA) showed that the distribution patterns of oligochaete species assemblages are significantly correlated with depth, season and substrate. Depth is the major factor when the whole water body is considered. When confining to the littoral, species abundance and distribution are strongly related to seasonality and substrate type. Naididae show, in general, maximal abundances in autumn and summer and a preference for plants, plant debris and soft sediments; Tubificidae are more abundant in spring and prefer mineral substrate. The relation between seasonality, substrate and food availability is discussed.  相似文献   

Balancing exploitation and conservation of the eastern Scotian Shelf ecosystem: application of a 4D ecosystem exploitation index     

Bundy  Alida; Fanning  Paul; Zwanenburg  Kees C.T. 《ICES Journal of Marine Science》2005,62(3):503-510

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类生物量锥体     

杨纪明 《海洋科学》2007,31(10):1-3

对北海鱼类营养级和生物量进行了综合分析,北海鱼类群落中,浮游生物食性、底栖生物食性和游泳生物食性鱼类的平均营养级分别为3.5,3.9和4.5,依次递增,而它们的生物量之比为1∶0.8∶0.4,依次递减,由此发现了一种与生物量锥体相似而又不同的现象,即捕食者与捕食者之间横向的营养级与生物量的负相关关系,作者称之为类生物量锥体。北海的生物量锥体其底部与顶部营养级之比为1∶4,生物量之比为1333∶1;类生物量锥体其底部与顶部营养级之比为3.5∶4.5,生物量之比只有2.36∶1,由此看出类生物量锥体相似于生物量锥体,但又不同于Odum提出的被食者与捕食者之间的纵向关系的生物量锥体,其生物量的变化幅度较生物量锥体为小。类生物量锥体的意义在于可以从鱼类生态类群营养级的高低来推测其生物量的状况。  相似文献